Family Care Transition: Navigating the Path Forward for Dad's Health

The past four weeks have felt like an entire year, marked by exhaustion and constant worry as I found myself shuttling back and forth between two cities. It all began with a sudden medical emergency that led my Dad into the hospital, struggling to breathe and with swollen legs. The cardiologist's review of his heart condition confirmed our worst fears – he could no longer safely live alone. My Dad, a fiercely independent soul, is having a hard time accepting the idea of transitioning to nursing care. He cites concerns about losing the freedom to drive his car and the joy of dining out, both of which have been vital aspects of his quality of life. After bringing him home following his hospital discharge, I closely observed his condition, and it became evident that he was struggling – easily fatigued, less inclined towards regular self-care routines like bathing, and declining personal hygiene. The difficult decision ahead of us is clear, and we must find the best way to ensure his well-being and safety while preserving his dignity and happiness.

For the aging community, there are several options for families to explore:

1. **Hiring an Experienced Caregiver:** - receive personalized care in the comfort of his home. The caregiver can assist with daily activities, provide companionship, and help maintain his independence.

Pro: Senior feels more comfortable in their more familiar home settings

Con: It is hard to identify a suitable and caring experienced caregiver. Some families do hire maids to fill in this, but I personally don’t feel comfortable especially since I don’t live in the same household.

Cost per month: From RM4500 above (from RM2000 if hiring a maid)

2. **Assisted Living Facility:** These facilities offer varying levels of care, providing a supportive environment for seniors. Usually, these are called old folk homes or senior care centers. Residents typically have their own living spaces but can access assistance with daily tasks and enjoy community activities.

Pro: Basic necessities are provided by the facilities (food, hygiene, and laundry, excluding disposable like adult diapers, under-pads, etc.)

Con: Staff may not be certified-trained or don’t have much medical knowledge

Cost per month: RM1800-RM2800

3. **Nursing Care Facility:** If a senior requires more intensive medical care, a nursing care facility may be suitable. These facilities have trained medical staff available around the clock to address health needs.

Pro: Basic necessities are provided by the facilities (food, hygiene, and laundry, excluding disposable like adult diapers, underpads, etc.). Staff are experienced with medical knowledge.

Con: 

Cost per month: From RM3000 above

4. **Senior Community or Retirement Home:** These communities cater to independent seniors and offer a range of amenities. They provide a social setting and often have medical support available if needed.

5. **Home Health Care Services:** In addition to a caregiver, you can also consider home health care services that bring medical professionals to your Dad's home for treatments, monitoring, and therapy.

After careful consideration of my Dad's medical requirements and the level of assistance he needs, we made the decision to enroll him in a nursing care facility. This choice was not taken lightly, and we understand the importance of ensuring that he receives the best possible care. One crucial tip for anyone considering nursing care for a loved one is to visit the facility in person and engage in conversations with both the management and staff. This provides an opportunity to assess the environment, ask pertinent questions, and get a feel for the quality of care provided. Pay attention to the staff's attitude and their interaction with residents. Additionally, inquire about the facility's protocols for medical emergencies, medication management, and the overall approach to personalized care. By taking these steps, you can make a more informed decision about the suitability of the nursing care facility for your loved one's needs.

Triumphs and Trials: A Journey of Career, Family, and Education

Life has a way of surprising us when we least expect it. Just as I was hoping to close the chapter on my 15-year journey as a Scientist, a series of unexpected events unfolded, reminding me that change is the only constant, and the profound realization that sometimes, "things happen for a reason."

The day I bid farewell to my career was supposed to mark the beginning of a new chapter—a smooth transition back to Malaysia. There were family matters to attend to, such as claiming car insurance, setting up our new apartment, and ensuring my Dad's medical follow-up was on track. Little did I know, life had other plans for me.

Just as I was settling into this new phase of my life, a sudden and severe medical complication befell my Dad. It happened during my last week of work, catching me entirely by surprise. At that moment, the phrase "things happen for a reason" echoed in my mind. It felt like life was testing my resilience, and I was determined to rise to the occasion.

In that critical hour, I realized how fortunate I was to have the support of my very caring aunt and my Dad's loyal friend. They became my pillars of strength, helping me navigate the intricate web of medical needs and emotional turmoil that accompanies such situations. I was on the brink of despair as I tried calling my Dad repeatedly, only to be met with silence. Every second felt like an eternity, and I couldn't shake the feeling of sadness and worry that had settled in.

Desperation led me to call one of my Dad's closest friends, and explaining the gravity of the situation. I asked him to go to my Dad's place immediately to check on him. The 30 minutes that followed seemed like an eternity, filled with uncertainty and anxiety.

As I waited anxiously for news from my Dad's friend, I couldn't help but reflect on the unpredictability of life. My journey as a Senior Scientist had taught me to embrace change and adapt to new challenges, but this was unlike any challenge I had faced before. It was a stark reminder that life can throw curveballs when we least expect it, and it's during these moments that our strength and resilience are put to the test. 

The minutes that followed my Dad's friend's call were filled with a whirlwind of emotions. As my Dad lay in the living room, not fully conscious, we knew immediate action was essential. His friend promptly dialed 911, and within what felt like an eternity but was, in fact, just 15 minutes, paramedics arrived to assess his situation. The paramedics wasted no time and administered a glucose solution to address his low blood sugar levels, a diagnosis that suggested he had either inadvertently taken an overdose of insulin or fallen into a deep slumber due to exhaustion and missed meals. Watching this crisis unfold through a video call, I felt a mix of relief and concern. Relief that help had arrived in time to stabilize my Dad's condition, but concerned for his overall well-being, as I noticed signs of breathlessness and swollen legs, indicating water retention.

Describing my Dad's situation to my aunt was a difficult task, but it was clear that his stubbornness could not stand in the way of his health any longer. We both agreed that he required immediate medical care. After a considerable effort, we managed to convince him to be admitted to one of the private hospitals the following day. It was a weight lifted off my shoulders, knowing that he was finally in the care of doctors and nurses, and I could focus on closing the chapter of my work in Singapore.

However, the decisions I had to make were far from easy. On one hand, I had to be with my Dad during this critical time, ensuring he received the best possible care. On the other hand, my young one was preparing for the PSLE National exam, a pivotal moment in his education. I had always been his pillar of support, assisting him with his studies whenever he needed guidance.

With the unwavering support of my husband, we decided on a plan. I would initially travel back to Malaysia to explore the available options for my Dad's ongoing care. Once I had a clearer understanding of the situation and his condition stabilized, I would return to Singapore to stand by my young one as he embarked on his educational journey towards the PSLE. I spoke to my son, explaining the situation and emphasizing the need for him to become more independent in his studies. I assured him that I would still be there to support him from a distance, but he could also rely on his father and sister for assistance.

In the midst of life's unexpected twists and turns, it became evident that my family's well-being depended on my ability to balance these responsibilities, and together, we would face the challenges that lay ahead with determination and resilience. The journey was far from over, but we were ready to navigate it together, supporting each other through the ups and downs that life had thrown our way.

"Congratulations on Your Unplanned Vacation: In Search of a New Direction After Your 15-Year Award for Longest Coffee Breaks!"

It has been a month after the incident.......

Ah, the thrilling rollercoaster ride began with an innocent email request for an on-site meeting from my dear old boss. As I read the message, I couldn't help but joke with my unsuspecting colleagues, "Oh, look at this, something big is coming our way!" My ever-optimistic friend chimed in, "Hmm... good news, maybe?" We all gathered around, anticipation hanging in the air like a helium balloon waiting to be popped. And with a sly grin, I couldn't resist adding, "Let's see... If tomorrow, you see HR strutting into the room with their poker faces on, I guess you know what happened, right?" Somehow, the little voice inside me knew that it wasn't going to be good news. My sixth sense is usually spot on with these things. So, while we all laughed and joked, there was a tiny inkling of doubt lingering in the back of my mind. My attempt at humor was about to be rewarded with an all-expenses-paid trip to the "Jobless Adventure Land" courtesy of our beloved corporate overlords. Bravo, my comedic timing! Bravo!

Oh, you wouldn't believe how Zen-master cool I was when I received the news. I mean, come on, it wasn't about our team's capability; it was just a little "business direction change" orchestrated by the corporate overlords. So there we were, our entire team released for the day like we won some kind of spontaneous holiday jackpot. Two whole months to sort out and wrap up the current lab activities? Well, isn't that just the icing on the cake? As I stared at my newfound freedom, I couldn't help but ponder my life's next adventure. New job? Career switch? Take a break? Oh, the possibilities were endless, and I felt like a kid in a candy store of life choices. Decisions, decisions! Maybe I should become a trapeze artist or a llama farmer. The world was my oyster, and I was ready to crack it open with a flourish!

Oh boy, life sure knows how to keep me on my toes! While the corporate world was busy playing their little game of "business direction change," I found myself caught up in a whirlwind of chaos and excitement. My younger kid had DSA interviews, which, let's be honest, felt like my own interview with all the nerves and anticipation. And if that wasn't enough, the PSLE exam was looming over our heads like a dark cloud of stress, with me trying to figure out algebra problems in my sleep. Meanwhile, my elder kid's hockey training and competitions were turning me into a full-time cheerleader-slash-hockey-mom, complete with a foam finger and a war cry. Amidst all this madness, I was supposed to figure out my options? Ha! No big deal, right? So, I decided to embark on an ambitious journey of self-improvement, taking free online courses like a knowledge-hungry sponge and devouring books like a bookworm on steroids. I was like a blindfolded archer, shooting arrows in the dark, hoping to hit the bullseye of my future career, wherever that might be! Oh, and to top it all off, I thought, "Hey, why not start a blog and become a content writing guru?" Because, you know, apparently, being busy with everyday life wasn't enough—I needed to add some more chaos to the mix! So here I am, juggling life like a circus performer with a million hats. Just call me the Busy Bee Extraordinaire! 🐝

Vision Victory on the Hockey Stage

Oh, let me share a tale about my daughter, the dynamo of the field hockey pitch! She's a real force to be reckoned with out there. So, picture this: she's all kitted up in her field hockey gear, donning that fierce-looking face mask for protection, and then she drops this gem of a request on me. She says, "Hey, Mom, I need contact lenses!" And I was like, "Contact lenses for a budding field hockey star?" But she's got her reasons, and they're pretty clever. She goes, "Wearing glasses during field hockey is like a comedy show in itself. They fog up, slide down my nose, and make me look like a goalie playing dress-up!" I can't help but crack up at her witty remarks. But you know what? She's got a point! The idea of her sprinting across the field with crystal-clear vision and no more glasses hassles is downright hilarious. So, we're all in, cheering her on as she takes her field hockey game to a whole new level with those nifty contact lenses! Get ready, world, for the unstoppable field hockey whirlwind! 

I took my daughter to the optical shop for her regular eye checkup. Once the optometrist confirmed that her short-sightedness was stable, they presented us with an overwhelming array of contact lenses to choose from. There were so many options that it felt a bit daunting. How on earth were we supposed to pick the right one? It seemed like a never-ending maze of choices, each promising to be the best fit for her vision needs. We took our time to carefully consider each type, but it was still a challenging decision. Finding the perfect contact lenses turned out to be quite the task, but we were determined to make the right choice for our daughter's comfort and clear sight.

6 Factors to Consider When Choosing Contact Lenses 

1. Lens Material

Lens material can make a big difference in vision, comfort, and eye health, so it’s essential to know the advantages and disadvantages of different lens materials.

Hydrogel – Hydrogels are flexible, gel-like polymers that easily adhere to the surface of the eye. Hydrogels allow optimal levels of oxygen to reach the eye, and they can hold a large percentage of water.

Silicone hydrogel – Silicone hydrogel is a hybrid material composed of silicone and hydrogel. Contacts made of silicone hydrogel offer high oxygen permeability, making them suitable for overnight or extended wear.

Rigid gas-permeable – Modern rigid gas-permeable (RGP) lenses are made of firm, durable plastics that transmit oxygen. Unlike hydrogel and silicone hydrogel lenses, RGP lenses don’t contain water, so they’re less likely to collect deposits and harbor bacteria.

2. Wearing Schedule

Daily-wear contacts are intended for use during the day only. They should be removed, cleaned, and stored properly before. They are discarded at the end of the day (daily disposables).Some of the most popular brands of daily-wear contact lenses on the market include 1-DAY ACUVUE MOIST, Biotrue ONEday, and AIR OPTIX AQUA.

Extended wear contacts are FDA-approved for overnight wear ranging from one to six nights or up to 30 days. Popular brands of extended-wear contacts include ACUVUE 2, AIR OPTIX NIGHT & DAY AQUA, and PureVision.

3. Vision

Contacts correct vision problems caused by refractive errors, including:

nearsightedness (blurry distance vision), 

farsightedness (blurry near vision), 

astigmatism (blurry vision at all distances), and

presbyopia (blurry near vision in aging adults)

Contacts come in many different lens designs to correct refractive errors, such as:

Spherical – Standard spherical lenses correct nearsightedness and farsightedness. Both refractive errors can occur alongside astigmatism and presbyopia.

Toric – Toric lenses correct astigmatism. These lenses are usually thicker at the top than  the bottom, so they don’t move in the eye.

Multifocal – Multifocal lenses correct presbyopia. These lenses have multiple prescriptions, so the wearer can see clearly at any distance.

Most toric and multifocal contacts are made of soft lens materials. But RGP lenses can be made to correct astigmatism and presbyopia as well. RGP toric and multifocal lenses may be better for people with high prescriptions or whose soft toric or multifocal lenses don’t produce the desired visual acuity.

4. Replacement Schedule

Contact lenses may be replaced daily, monthly, or bi-weekly. In the case of RGP lenses, contacts may be replaced yearly with proper handling.

When you go in for a contact lens fitting, your optician will ask you about your lifestyle, so they can figure out which replacement schedule works best for you. Daily disposable contacts require minimal cleaning, making them the ideal choice for frequent travelers and lens wearers with busy schedules or active lifestyles. Monthly lenses need daily cleaning, so they’re more suitable for people who can commit to a lens care routine. Annually disposable contacts are worn daily for at least a year and then thrown away. These contacts are usually RGP lenses, which are more durable than soft lenses. Annually disposable contacts typically need to be removed and cleaned nightly.

5. Brand

You also can consider specific brand based on several factors, including:

Diameter – This is the distance across the lens’s surface. It determines how the lens sits on the eye. If a contact lens doesn’t have the right diameter for your eye, it will feel uncomfortable. 

Base Curve – This is the depth of the contact lens’s curve. If a contact lens doesn’t have the right base curve for your eye, it may not adhere correctly to your eye, causing blurry vision and/or discomfort.

Lens Material – Contact lens brands differ in terms of the materials they use. For example, contacts in the ACUVUE OASYS product family are made of silicone hydrogel, while contacts in the Biotrue ONEday family are made of hydrogel. 

6. Cost

When browsing for contact lenses online, you may notice that their prices vary.

That’s because many different factors affect the cost of contact lenses, including lens type, brand, and replacement schedule. 

Check out the picture below for general contact lens prices.

Picture above taken Jul 2023. 

After taking in all the factors, we decided on daily silicon hydrogel type as she only wears on the training day but once she put on, we will wear more than 8 hours.

P/S: For first timer, some optical shop have a package (consultation on how to apply, maintain and remove the contact lenses + 2 boxes contact lenses; consultation fees around $80-$100). If you want to save the money, which we did, I personally teach her myself. There is also some good resources online as below:

Contact Lenses for Beginners | How to Put in Contacts

Contact Lenses for Beginners | How to take out Contacts easily

updated 2 Aug 2023: Recently went over to Johor City, Malaysia, I found out the prices of contact lenses is 45% cheaper than Singapore. That is a huge difference. It will be an option for us in future to get our supplies.

Through the Looking Glass: My journey with My Child's Myopia

The recent visit to the eye clinic with my younger boy left me shocked and confused. The results revealed that his left eye had a staggering 800-degree myopia, while his right eye had 675 degrees. It was a significant increase from the previous examination, just six months ago, where the doctor assured us that his myopia was stable. The sudden jump in degree left me with a whirlwind of emotions—concern, worry, and a sense of urgency to understand what might have contributed to this drastic change. 

As a mother, I couldn't help but question what steps I could take to address this issue and ensure the best possible outcome for my child's vision health. As we discussed the options with the eye clinic, I couldn't help but feel limited in the choices presented to us. The doctor advised us to either switch to special myopia glasses or increase the concentration of atropine to the highest level of 1%. I found it perplexing that these suggestions were only brought up now, when my child's degree had significantly increased. It left me questioning why these options weren't discussed earlier when his myopia was at a lower level. Additionally, I couldn't ignore the potential side effects of using 1% atropine, such as increased sensitivity to light, and the need for transition glasses. Furthermore, the special myopia glasses had their own limitations, with Stellest supporting up to 800 degrees and Myosmart up to 1000 degrees. I found myself grappling with the decision, searching for more information, and seeking alternatives that could provide the best solution for my child's vision health.

Child Myopia

Child myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a prevalent concern in Singapore. The city-state has one of the highest rates of myopia globally, with an alarming number of children affected. This condition, characterized by blurry distance vision, can have significant implications on a child's quality of life and academic performance. Factors such as excessive near-work activities, lack of outdoor time, and genetic predisposition contribute to the high prevalence. Recognizing the importance of addressing this issue, Singapore has implemented various strategies to combat myopia, including promoting outdoor activities, reducing screen time, and implementing vision screenings in schools. Additionally, innovative technologies and interventions, such as orthokeratology and specialized eyewear, are being utilized to slow down the progression of myopia. 

Options Treatments for Child Myopia

1. Atropine. Atropine eye drops have shown promising results in managing myopia (nearsightedness) in children. When prescribed by an ophthalmologist, Atropine eye drops are used to dilate the pupils and temporarily relax the focusing mechanism of the eye, which helps to slow down the progression of myopia. By inhibiting the eye's ability to accommodate, Atropine eye drops reduce the strain on the eye and limit the elongation of the eyeball, a major contributing factor to myopia development. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage and usage instructions carefully to ensure its effectiveness and safety. Regular monitoring by an eye care professional is recommended to assess the child's progress and adjust the treatment plan as necessary. Atropine eye drops offer a potential non-invasive approach to managing myopia in children, improving their visual health and potentially reducing the risk of high myopia-related complications in the future. 

Side effects Using 1% Atropine. The treatment typically begins with the lowest percentage of Atropine and gradually increases the dosage to achieve stabilization of myopia progression. The highest dosage used is 1%, which has been associated with certain side effects. One common side effect is photophobia, which is increased sensitivity to light, causing discomfort and excessive squinting when exposed to bright light. Additionally, some individuals may experience glare, where bright lights appear excessively intense and may hinder their ability to see clearly. Pupil dilation caused by Atropine can also result in blurred vision and difficulties in focusing on nearby objects, leading to near vision disturbances. While these side effects are generally mild and temporary, they can affect daily activities and might necessitate adjusting the dosage or using the drops at specific times of the day. 

Therefore, a step-wise approach is adopted, starting with a milder concentration and carefully monitoring the child's response before considering higher doses to strike the right balance between effectively managing myopia and minimizing potential side effects.

2. Myopia Specialized Glasses. 

Stellest and Myosmart glasses,  are the two popular brands, offer a promising solution for children with high degrees of myopia. Designed specifically to address the progression of nearsightedness, these innovative glasses provide a range of benefits. With advanced lens technology and specialized coatings, they aim to reduce eye strain, control the elongation of the eyeball, and slow down the progression of myopia. These eyewear options are carefully crafted to provide clear vision while maintaining a comfortable fit for long-term wear. The lenses are specifically designed to correct the refractive error associated with myopia and minimize aberrations. By opting for myopia specialized eyewear, parents can have peace of mind knowing that they are taking proactive measures to safeguard their child's eyesight and potentially reduce the need for stronger prescriptions in the future.

	Essilor Stellest	Hoya MiYOSMART
Clinical available data	4 years2	6 years1
Effectiveness	67%	59%
Lens material	Polycarbonate	Polycarbonate
Coating	UV protection  Anti-reflective  High scratch resistant   Easy to clean	UV protection  Anti-reflective   Water repellent  Easy to wipe
Blue light protection	Available with a top up (Crizal Prevencia)	Not available
Method used to control myopia progression	Myopic defocus	Myopic defocus
Lens Design	A constellation of aspherical lenslets on 11 rings	Hundreds of small segments of constant myopic defocus evenly distributed (honeycomb structure)  at the peripheral portion of the lenses
Technology used  to design the lens	H.A.L.T Technology  (Highly Aspheral Lenslet Target)	D.I.M.S Technology  (Defocus Incorporated Mutliple Segment)
Central clear zone	9mm	9.4mm
Power available	sph 0 to -10.00 cyl -4.00	0 to -10.00 cyl -4.00
Adaptation	Minimum	Minimum
Safety	Safe and non-invasive	Safe and non-invasive
Aesthetics	Good	Good
Price	$490  Top up Crizal Prevencia: $80	$530

 

3. Orthokerathology (Hard lense). 

Orthokeratology, also known as Ortho-K, is a non-surgical treatment option for myopia (nearsightedness). It involves the use of specially designed rigid gas-permeable contact lenses that are worn overnight while sleeping. These lenses gently reshape the cornea temporarily, providing clear vision during the day without the need for glasses or contact lenses.

It’s effectiveness can be up to 59% which is similar to MiYOSMART or Stellest.3  With cost ranging from $1500 - $2000 per year, your child will not need to bear the weight of the spectacle throughout the day and will be able to have a wider field of vision as compared to wearing spectacles with MiYOSMART or Stellest. There were two types of Ortho-K: Standard and Custom. 

Standard Ortho K is like buying a ready-made suit from a department store — pre-made in set sizes, simply select the closest size to fit and off you go. It might fit well enough but it's not perfect.

Custom Ortho K is like having a tailored suit made just for you — each one is made individually based on precise measurements of you. That means the perfect fit.

Why Ortho-K is uncommon to be recommended as treatment to control child myopia? 

a. Wearing contact lenses can bring a higher risk of eye infection for your child. However, the risk can be lowered by having good hygiene and proper maintenance of the lens.

b. Limitation in prescription range: in the range of +2.00 to -6.00 with no more than -1.75 diopters of surface astigmatism. Ortho-K may not be as effective in children with high levels of myopia. There are some optometrists claimed they are able to correct up to -10 diopters which I am not comfortable. Clinical trial of using ortho-K in children with high levels of myopia is ongoing (click here if you want more information about partial correction of high myopia with ortho-K lenses).  

c. Compliance Issues: Ortho-K requires strict adherence to wearing schedules and proper lens care. Children who are unable to comply with these requirements may not achieve the desired myopia control. 

Conclusion. After conducting thorough research and consulting with an eye specialist, my options for controlling my child's myopia were limited. Considering all relevant information, it was determined that Myosmart lenses were the most suitable choice for my child's condition. Although I regret not being presented with this option earlier, I now understand the importance of seeking second opinions and early intervention. To other parents facing a similar situation, I highly advise seeking suitable myopia control treatments at an early stage and obtaining second opinions if necessary. Early intervention can make a significant difference in managing myopia progression and ensuring the best possible visual health for our children in the long term. Regular follow-ups with eye care professionals will help monitor the effectiveness of the chosen treatment and make any adjustments as needed.

Adding in more info recently found (Updated Aug 2023):

Soft lenses. 

a. MiSight® 1 day - Child-friendly daily disposable contact lenses proven to slow the progression of short-sightedness in children. MiSight® 1 day with ActivControl® Technology not only correct short-sightedness – they’re also the first soft contact lenses proven to significantly reduce the progression of myopia in children. Prescription available in the range of +2.00 to -6.00. It reduced myopia progression on average by 59% compared to a single vision contact lens.4  

b. ACUVUE® Abiliti™ 1-Day - A new myopia control soft contact lens released by Johnson&Johnson. Instead of using a traditional concentric ring presbyopic lens design, it is designed with novel ring focus technology to slow down myopia progression in children.5 Prescription available in the range of -0.75D and -4.50D and 1.00D or less astigmatism.

Reference:

1. Lam CSY, Tang WC, Zhang A, Tse D, To CH. Myopia control in children wearing DIMS spectacle lens: 6 years results. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) 2022 Annual Meeting, May 1-4, Denver, US 

2. Li X, Huang Y, Yin Z, Liu C, Zhang S, Yang A, Drobe B, Chen H, Bao J. Myopia Control Efficacy of Spectacle Lenses with Aspherical Lenslets: Results of a 3-year Follow-up Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2023 Apr 9: S0002-9394(23)00147-2. 

3. Jakobsen TM & Møller F. Control of Myopia Using Orthokeratology Lenses in Scandinavian Children Aged 6 to 12 Years. Eighteen-Month Data from the Danish Randomized Study: Clinical study Of Near-sightedness; Treatment with Orthokeratology Lenses (CONTROL study). Acta Ophthalmol. 2022 Mar;100(2):175-182 

4. Sulley A, et al. Wearer experience and subjective responses with dual focus compared to spherical, single vision soft contact lenses in children during a 3-year clinical trial. Poster presented at AAO 2019, San Francisco, Calif.

5. www.clinicaltrials.gov is a website maintained by the NIH. The 4 clinical studies evaluated subjective comfort as a primary or secondary endpoint for ACUVUE® OASYS Brand daily disposable family. Review conducted as of April 25, 2021.

JJV Data on file, 2021. Development of Optical Design of ACUVUE® Abiliti™ 1-Day Soft Therapeutic Lenses for Myopia Management.

JJV Data on file 2021. Stand-alone Performance Claims; ACUVUE® Abiliti™ 1-Day Soft Therapeutic Lenses for Myopia Management.

JJV Data on File 2021. Mechanical Design of ACUVUE® Abiliti™ 1-Day Soft Therapeutic Lenses for Myopia Management- Effect on Fit and Handling.

JJV Data on file, 2021. Efficacy of ACUVUE® Abiliti™ 1-Day Soft Therapeutic Lenses for Myopia Management: Comparative Claims vs. Single Vision and Dual Focus Lenses.